The Mandovi River, a lifeline for Goa’s ecology, economy, and culture, is facing severe pollution from unchecked urbanization, poor waste management, and industrial discharge. Key sources of contamination include untreated sewage from homes, restaurants, and casinos operating on the river. A study by CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) reveals that such waste contributes significantly to microplastic pollution, particularly fibres from personal care products and laundry effluents. These microplastics threaten marine life and enter the human food chain through seafood.
Heavy metal contamination is another growing concern. Elevated levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury have been found in river sediments. Mercury, linked to coal handling at Mormugao Port, has also been detected in water and oysters—currently within permissible limits, but still alarming due to bioaccumulation risks. Mining activities along the riverbanks worsen the situation, especially during monsoon, releasing trace elements like manganese, iron, and cobalt into the water.
Water quality assessments show low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels—often under 4 mg/L—leading to fish mortality and stressing aquatic life. Visible indicators such as algal blooms, color shifts, and high suspended solids point to organic pollution. Alarmingly, fecal coliform bacteria levels remain high, making the river unsafe for bathing, fishing, and recreational activities.
Biodiversity has taken a hit, with freshwater fish species declining by 25% over the past 50 years. Public health is also at stake, with recurring cases of cholera, typhoid, and mosquito-borne diseases reported along the river’s banks. Foul odors and gas emissions from decaying waste contribute to respiratory problems in nearby communities.
To save the Mandovi, immediate action is essential—ranging from river cleanup drives and better sewage treatment to stricter regulation of industrial discharges. Protecting this iconic waterway is critical for Goa’s environment and its people.