Goa’s ambitious ban on single-use plastics, implemented on October 2, 2019, has largely fallen flat due to weak enforcement and sporadic action by authorities. On World Environment Day 2025, Chief Minister Pramod Sawant candidly admitted that the ban “remained merely on paper,” acknowledging that despite being backed by legislation and penalties, it has had little real-world impact.
The ban, introduced through amendments to the Goa Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act in August 2019, prohibits the manufacture, import, sale, and use of single-use plastic items. Fines range from ₹2,500 to ₹3 lakh, with possible imprisonment for repeat violators. However, implementation has been inconsistent—mostly limited to occasional, short-lived enforcement drives. Plastic bags, straws, cups, and packaging materials remain widely used in markets, beaches, and other public spaces.
Tourism-driven consumption habits and a lack of affordable alternatives have made the shift away from plastics particularly challenging. Businesses and consumers alike have shown reluctance to adopt eco-friendly options.
Environmental experts argue that the issue isn’t the absence of regulation but a lack of sustained political will and visible enforcement. They urge the government to lead by example—eliminating plastics from government events and ensuring regular crackdowns—while also investing in awareness and viable alternatives.
Despite Goa being one of the lowest contributors to plastic waste by total volume, it has the highest per capita plastic waste generation in India, amplifying its ecological vulnerability.
In response, the government has pledged renewed commitment, including better planning and accountability. A new e-portal has been launched for public registration and complaints on plastic violations, aiming to improve transparency and citizen participation in the fight against plastic pollution.