In 2024, India experienced a transformative year, significantly bolstering its military capabilities and enhancing its strategic status in the global defence landscape. The government’s Atmanirbharta initiative, aimed at fostering self-reliance and indigenisation in defence and security, led to critical policy reforms, strategic partnerships, and technological advancements. This commitment to self-sufficiency positioned India closer to its ambition of becoming a formidable global power.
The year began with a remarkable milestone on March 11, when the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) successfully conducted the first flight test of an indigenously developed Agni Fire Missile featuring Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology. This cutting-edge technology allows a single missile to carry and deploy multiple independent re-entry vehicles, enabling precise targeting of various objectives.
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Although MIRV technology has existed since the 1960s and is held by several major nations, including China, this marked India’s inaugural achievement in developing it. This successful test signified a major leap in India’s strategic deterrence capabilities, placing it alongside nations like the US, Russia, the UK, France, and China.
A significant highlight of 2024 was the unprecedented growth in Indigenous defence production. India achieved a record production value of Rs. 1.27 lakh crores, reflecting a 16.7% increase from the previous year. This remarkable growth underscores the effectiveness of government initiatives and policies aimed at enhancing local manufacturing. Public sector undertakings (DPSUs) and other PSUs contributed to 79.2% of total production, while the private sector accounted for 20.8%. This progress sets a solid foundation for the government’s ambitious target of reaching Rs. 3 lakh crores in defence production by 2029. Additionally, India emerged as a key player in global defence exports, with exports reaching a historic Rs. 21,083 crores in FY 2023-24, marking a 32.5% increase from the previous year. Over the last decade, Indian defence exports have expanded 31-fold, reinforcing India’s position as a vital exporter in the global defence market.
In July 2024, the commitment to Atmanirbharta continued with the release of the Positive Indigenization List (PIL) by the Department of Defence Production (DDP). This fifth PIL included 346 critical items such as weapon systems, sensors, and essential components for defence production. Previous PILs had already totalled 4,666 items, of which 2,972 had been indigenized, with an import substitution value of Rs. 3,400 crores. These lists aim to minimize reliance on imports, particularly in strategically vital sectors like aerospace, armaments, and ammunition.
The year also witnessed substantial advancements in technology and the introduction of new defence platforms, further enhancing India’s military capabilities. In September, India approved capital acquisition proposals amounting to Rs 1.44 lakh crores, with 99% of funding directed toward indigenous projects. Key initiatives included Future Ready Combat Vehicles and Project 17B stealth frigates for the Indian Navy. Additional contracts were awarded for AL-31FP jet engines for Sukhoi Su-30MKI fighters and advanced unmanned underwater vehicles.
A landmark moment occurred in October when Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez inaugurated India’s first private military aircraft manufacturing facility in Vadodara, Gujarat. The Tata Airbus project aims to locally produce 40 C295 Tactical Transport Aircraft, supplementing the 16 units imported from Spain under a Rs. 21,935 crore contract signed in 2021. The C295, designed for medical evacuations, disaster response, and maritime patrol missions, is expected to begin rolling out from the Vadodara assembly line by September 2026.
Also in October, India and the United States finalized a $3.3 billion contract for 31 MQ-9B Predator drones, with allocations for the Indian Navy, Army, and Air Force. These drones, known for their surveillance and intelligence capabilities, can reach altitudes of 40,000 feet and remain airborne for nearly 40 hours. The MQ-9B drones are designed to perform multiple roles, including maritime surveillance and anti-submarine warfare, establishing maintenance facilities in India.
Another significant achievement was the development of the Indian Light Tank Zorawar, which completed rigorous trials, including high-altitude tests beyond 4,200 meters. This development enhances India’s strategic options, particularly in border areas where mobility and firepower are crucial. The Indian Army also announced the establishment of the Signals Technology Evaluation and Adaptation Group (STEAG) to research and evaluate emerging technologies like AI, 5G, and quantum technologies to improve military capabilities.
Throughout 2024, several significant inductions further bolstered India’s defence readiness. The commissioning of the second Arihant-class submarine, INS Arighat, on August 29, showcased advanced design and manufacturing techniques. Notably, it integrated indigenous systems and equipment developed by Indian scientists and industry. Similarly, the INS Tushil, a multi-role stealth-guided missile frigate, was commissioned on December 9, equipped for diverse naval warfare operations.
The Indian Army’s diplomatic activities expanded significantly, engaging with 118 countries through various defence cooperation initiatives. The army’s reorganization efforts increased the number of defence wings from 45 to 52, with new wings established in Poland, Algeria, Ethiopia, and Mozambique. The army participated in 39 joint exercises, promoting themes like Yoga and Nari Shakti, while women officers gained equal opportunities for career advancement. On August 1, Lt. Gen. Sadhna Saxena Nair became the first woman to serve in the DGMS Army, reflecting the growing role of women in defence.
The year also saw significant infrastructure development, with the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) and other agencies constructing essential road networks in border areas. The Defence Minister inaugurated 75 infrastructure projects across 11 states and union territories, including roads and bridges.
Efforts to maintain peace along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) resulted in successful disengagement and troop relocation, allowing for resumed joint patrols in sensitive regions.
Looking forward, the achievements of 2024 lay a robust foundation for India’s defence future. By prioritizing self-reliance, Indigenous production, and strategic partnerships, India is positioning itself as a formidable force in the global defence landscape. As it aims to become a $5 trillion economy by 2029, the expanding defence sector will play a crucial role in securing its status as a global power, contributing to both national security and economic growth.
(The author is an advocate
by profession)
