India effectively implemented its pragmatic and outcome-oriented foreign policy in 2024 to further its national interests. India adeptly navigated these challenges amid a global environment marked by uncertainty and tension. It took an active stance on several critical issues, amplifying both its voice and that of the Global South on the international stage. As a result, India achieved significant milestones in international relations, enhancing its global profile.
One of the most notable achievements of India’s foreign policy during this period was its response to the political upheaval in Bangladesh, which resulted in the virtual coup that displaced Sheikh Hasina. This situation required India to manage the political fallout skillfully, as Hasina sought asylum in India. A significant success in this context was India’s ability to maintain a sealed-border while engaging in constructive dialogue with Muhammad Yunus, the head of the interim government. Through diplomatic channels, India aimed to exert pressure to prevent the escalation of attacks on minorities, marking a perceptible improvement in the situation.
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Furthermore, India’s refusal to comply with unreasonable extradition requests for Sheikh Hasina demonstrated its commitment to protecting its sovereignty. The extradition agreement clearly stated that certain conditions must be met for India to consider extradition, emphasizing its position on legal and diplomatic grounds. This approach exemplifies India’s diplomatic maturity in addressing challenges that threaten its interests while maintaining a balanced stance.
India’s foreign policy in 2024 can be likened to the approach its Prime Minister took when he visited Ukraine amid the conflict with Russia. By meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the Prime Minister sought to balance India’s relationships, ensuring that India was not perceived as overly protective of Russian interests. Simultaneously, India has consistently called for peace and has been recognized as a potential mediator in the ongoing conflict. These two instances—the handling of the Bangladesh crisis and the diplomatic balancing act with Ukraine—underscore the significant achievements of India’s foreign policy in 2024.
The central government deserves credit for its assertive yet nuanced foreign policy. India’s negotiations with China exemplified a firm stance, making it clear that it would not compromise its territorial integrity. This approach sent a strong message that India of 2024 is different from past iterations. The Indian armed forces’ readiness to respond to any provocations has underscored India’s resolve. China has realized that India’s military capabilities are formidable and that Indian forces can effectively defend the nation’s interests.
About the United States, India’s stance during the US elections was equally commendable. Despite a candidate of Indian origin, India maintained a policy of non-interference in the political processes of other countries, reinforcing the expectation that other nations should respect India’s sovereignty as well. This principled stance has resulted in many pro-Indian officials joining the US government, indicating a growing alignment of interests.
While navigating these complex international relationships, India must focus on maximizing its national interests. In this context, India’s foreign policy should not align too closely with any particular group or country. The previous non-alignment policy may need revaluation in light of the current global landscape. In the post-Cold War era, India must strive to be seen not as an ally of any one nation but as a neutral player that can engage with all parties profitably.
India’s leadership during its G20 presidency further exemplifies its commitment to the Global South. This role has elevated India’s profile, showcasing its ability to lead while fostering collaboration among developing nations. However, this does not necessitate an anti-West stance; rather, India should engage with Western powers for technological advancements and economic benefits while simultaneously maintaining robust relationships with countries like Russia.
The Gulf region holds undeniable significance for India, particularly in terms of energy security. India’s reliance on oil imports from Gulf nations and the substantial remittances sent back home by the Indian diaspora in this region highlight its importance. Many Indian workers, particularly from the unskilled labour sector, are employed in the Gulf, which contributes significantly to India’s economy. Additionally, the sovereign funds in these countries can be instrumental in supporting India’s infrastructure development, particularly in the post-pandemic recovery phase.
Culturally, the Gulf region is also redefining its relationship with India. The inauguration of a temple by the Indian Prime Minister in the Gulf signifies an embrace of cultural connectivity, fostering dialogue between civilizations rather than fostering conflict. India’s foreign policy under the Modi government has sought to promote this dialogue, emphasizing coexistence and mutual respect among different cultures and religions.
Looking ahead, India’s aspirations for a stronger global profile must be matched by strategic action. The vision of becoming a global leader requires a shift from defensive postures to proactive engagement. India must aspire to play a pivotal role in international relations, moving beyond merely reacting to global events to shaping outcomes in its favour.
As we enter the New Year, India faces several challenges, particularly in its neighbourhood. The instability in Nepal, with frequent leadership changes, necessitates careful diplomatic engagement to maintain a stable relationship. Similarly, developments in Sri Lanka, which has seen a shift toward more moderate leadership, could provide an opportunity for India to offer economic support and integrate the region more closely.
Bangladesh remains a focal point of concern, especially after recent political upheavals. It is essential for India to navigate this situation delicately while fostering stability in Pakistan, where a fragile political landscape continues to pose challenges. Encouraging cooperation among political parties in Pakistan could lead to a more stable environment, benefiting both nations.
In conclusion, India’s foreign policy in 2024 has demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and a commitment to national interests. The achievements in managing regional crises, asserting its position on the global stage, and fostering relationships with both Western and non-Western nations underscore India’s growing influence. As India moves forward, the focus should remain on maximizing national interests while promoting peace, stability, and cultural dialogue in an increasingly complex world.
(The author is an advocate by profession)
