What’s responsible for the fires burning all over Goa today? You only have to check the fate of any tree in the state to know that it’s not just the weather.
Like the trees outside Kala Academy in Panjim. This area has got to be one of the best stretches of road in Goa, if not India. And the reason is obvious: the trees. Mostly old and huge rain trees, natives of the African savannahs, they form a dense canopy above, ensuring a wonderfully cool and quiet ambience despite the busy traffic.
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This stretch of road was created at the beginning of the twentieth century, however, and the trees are showing their age, with some even falling in recent years. What’s going to happen now? Have new saplings been planted behind the old trees, as gardeners advise, ready to take over when the old fall? Are new ones being planted at least after the old fall? Or will there just be less and less trees, as is the case all over Goan towns and villages, and, finally, just a hot and ugly concrete jungle like most Indian cities? No prizes for guessing.
And now this rash of forest fires, in Goa of all places, where the wilderness has always smelt of water. But that’s the new Goa for you – 48 fires reported by the Forest Department over less than 10 days, some of them raging for more than a week in the wildlife sanctuaries, while new ones are being reported every day even on the outskirts of Panjim and Margao.
Locals are to blame, says the government, and the weather.
Traditional burning of undergrowth; private property disputes resulting in arson; and illegal clearing of forest, for expanding cashew plantation or fields or tourist home stays, are the ways in which things started, they say, after which the hot and dry weather took over. Now they even claim to have caught a man – a local villager in Sattari – actually setting a fire in a forest. What more proof is required of the nefarious doings of locals? And so the solution has been announced: a strict ban on ‘unauthorized’ entry into the forest.
Now, let’s not forget who we are talking about. Can this government, with its record of environmental destruction, really be serious? Will this ban be enforced on everyone interested in the forests? What about the so-called development projects through the forests, the extra railway lines and new roads? Will they be banned? What about all the legal or illegal construction: the new resorts, spice farms, and vacation homes, with even ministers reported among the owners? So many bigshots with their greedy eyes on the forests – are they going to be banned? Or are they ‘authorised’?
The answer is obvious. The ban is clearly on locals only, people who have been using the forests in a low key way for generations, and, moreover, only for sustenance. Yes, some of them might be breaking the law, but – unlike the mine companies, bungalow-owners, real estate developers, and coal-corporates – not to make obscene profits, nor to build second or tenth homes for themselves. But it is the corporates and other bigshots who get the permissions to not just enter, but also to cut the forest – nay, the government will even do it for them, as at Mopa and now Mollem. That’s called ‘development’.
Let us presume for a second that it really was this arrested villager and others like him who set fires which went out of control thanks to the unseasonal high temperatures, low humidity, etc. But who is responsible for this? Is the unseasonal hot weather really unexpected – given that we are living in the age of global warming and climate change? What is the government doing about climate change et al, except for setting up ministries in their name? Everybody – including kindergarten kids – knows that trees and forests reduce temperatures and generally make a hugely positive contribution to everybody’s health and well-being.
But trees and forests are uprooted wholesale in Goa in the name of development, and supposedly replaced by afforestation in Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka – by this same government which tells people to be ‘careful’ during the heat waves of February, the stronger ones of March, and surely worse to come in April and May. Be careful, cover your heads, and drink plenty of water, while we wipe the forests right off the map of Goa. So, what if water sources are running out, along with the trees – the water tanker business is booming, another sign of ‘development’!
As for local people expanding plantations into the forest, isn’t it the responsibility of the government to come up with long-term solutions or alternatives? What exactly is supposed to be the job of a government if not solving basic livelihood issues of citizens? Shouldn’t they be trying to provide other sources of income generation for vulnerable communities, instead of leaving them to compete with the forest for survival?
But the government is least bothered about such fundamental issues. Who cares if people have no options, if villages and agriculture push into forests, and displace the wildlife there, resulting in loss of biodiversity, killing of animals, and spread of new diseases? Arrest a few villagers, and get on with profit-making.
Shifting local settlements away from the forests is already being proposed, as in the case of the tiger deaths a few years ago. Won’t that be convenient – the forests left without any local oversight, at the tender mercies of the ‘authorised’?
Coming back to Panjim, where fires have suddenly erupted on the outskirts here as well. Fields in the village of Taleigao are being mysteriously set alight. The idea – so local farmers say – is to discourage cultivation, courtesy the builder lobby.
Such is development, BJP-style, where ordinary livelihoods are a non-issue; long-term vision is unheard-of; and trees, forests, and fields are not just dispensable – they are all a waste of land that could be profitably covered with concrete instead.
(Amita Kanekar is an
architectural historian
and novelist)
