In a landmark decision, the Government of India has announced that the four consolidated Labour Codes—Code on Wages (2019), Industrial Relations Code (2020), Code on Social Security (2020) and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (2020)—will come into force from 21 November 2025, merging and rationalising 29 existing labour laws. Aimed at modernising outdated frameworks and strengthening worker rights, the reform seeks to create a future-ready workforce while supporting resilient industries under the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
Many of India’s labour laws date back to the 1930s–1950s, resulting in fragmented compliance systems and limited protection for workers, especially in emerging sectors. The updated Codes ensure universal minimum wages, timely salary payments, mandatory appointment letters, and expanded ESIC coverage for workers across India. Women are now legally permitted to work night shifts with safety provisions, promoting greater equality in employment.
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The reform extends benefits to gig and platform workers, contract labour, MSME workers, mine and hazardous-industry employees, and those in IT/ITES, textile, audio-visual media, and dock operations. Mandatory annual health check-ups, double overtime wages, single registration, and simplified digital compliance aim to reduce regulatory burden while improving workplace welfare.
The government states that these measures will significantly enhance social-security coverage, worker dignity, and industry competitiveness.
